Purify water by boiling

Step-by-step

1. 1

   Pre-filter through a bandana or shirt to remove silt and debris.

2. 2

   Bring the water to a full rolling boil — bubbles across the whole surface, not just the sides.

3. 3

   Hold the rolling boil for 1 minute (3 minutes above 6,500 ft / 2,000 m).

4. 4

   Cover and cool. Pour between two containers to reoxygenate and improve taste.

Tip: No pot? Boil in a birch bark cone or a hollowed log with rocks heated in the fire.