Structures
Shelters
Match the shelter to the climate, energy budget, and materials on hand — from a leaf debris nest in the Southeast to a snow trench above the Arctic Circle.
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General practice
- Site selection beats construction — check drainage, widowmakers, wind exposure, and animal sign.
- Insulation UNDER the body matters more than a fancy roof.
- Small shelters heat with body warmth; large shelters do not.
- Never cut live saplings when downed wood will do.
Regional focus
Arctic Circle
No trees, no bark — the shelter is snow or the tent.
Key items
- Igloo (dense wind-slab snow only)
- Snow trench with block roof
- Double-wall tundra tent staked with skis or ice screws